Welcome to IPC's collection of technical papers presented at conferences since 2002. You can search by author, title and keyword. You can also search for keywords and topics in the Tag field. Access to the papers is reserved for IPC members.

Accurate Quantitative Physics-of-Failure Approach to Integrated Circuit Reliability

Modern electronics typically consist of microprocessors and other complex integrated circuits (ICs) such as FPGAs,ADCs,and memory. They are susceptible to electrical,mechanical and thermal mode .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Edward Wyrwas,Lloyd Condra,Avshalom Hava
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Automated Design Analysis: Reliability Modeling of Circuit Card Assemblies

It is widely known and understood that the overall cost and quality of a product is most influenced by decisions made early in the design stage. Finding and correcting design flaws later in the .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Randy Schueller,Cheryl Tulkoff
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Electronic Housings: Considerations,Standards and Practices for Industrial Applications

Circuit housings used in industrial and utility applications have requirements often not needed in the commercial or consumer electronics industries. The device may be used in locations as dive .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Mike Nager,Kristy Yi,Jan Maksel
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Transmission Line Characterization through the Enhanced Root Impulse Energy Loss

In today’s PCB industry,the challenges are no longer just on how to control and improve the manufacturing processes,but also to ensure the fabricated product is compliant to the industry standa .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Hongxia Ning,Brice Achkir,Abhilash Rajagopal,James Drewniak
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Industry Collaboration Driving Proactive Environmental Improvements

•iNEMI Environmental Vision •Highlights of Environmental Conscious Electronics Chapter of iNEMI Roadmap •Key iNEMI Projects •Environmental Impact of Electronics –Products –Services •Concluding .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Bob Pfahl
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Low Cost Electrical Specifications for Design and Manufacture of GHz Boards

Test and quality coverage for an assembled printed circuit board is becoming increasingly more expensive and complex as digital electronics moves well into the gigahertz era. Traditional tools .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Richard Mellitz,Vira Ragavassamy,Michael Brownell
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Understanding when to use FR-4 laminates or High Frequency Laminates

Over the years a question that has been asked repeatedly of material suppliers is: “when do I need to use a high frequency laminate over the choice of a standard FR-4 substrate”? The answer has .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
John Coonrod
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

PCB Board Design Considerations for Impedance Control and Optimal Signal Integrity in High Speed Digital and RF Systems

For the electronics on PCB’s,dielectric materials provide not only material and media support for the high-speed digital and RF systems,but also electrical performance. Impedance control and si .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
George Qinghua Kang,Michael T. Smith
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Counterfeit Parts Prevention Using Import/Export Controls as a Tool in Risk Mitigation

Several U.S. Government (USG) regulations require parties engaged in import activities to maintain records of transaction processes. By using formal documented tools integrating these regulatio .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Mark Stevens
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Screening for Counterfeit Electronic Parts

Counterfeit electronic parts have become a significant cause of worry in the electronics part supply chain. Most of the counterfeit parts detected in the electronics industry are either new or .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Bhanu Sood,Diganta Das
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Using DNA to Secure High Tech Supply Chains and Protect Against Counterfeiting and Diversion

DNA is a form of forensic evidence trusted by law enforcement and recognized by international courts around the world. This abstract provides an introduction to the utility of botanical DNA tag .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
James Hayward,Larry McIntosh
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Assessing the Risk and Impact of Counterfeit Electronic Products

Counterfeiting is a widespread problem that affects every industry and which has the potential to significantly erode a company’s bottom line. According to the International Anti-Counterfeiting .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Brian Monks,Ovidiu Munteanu,Noe P. Navarro
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Component Risk Mitigation Strategies

- COMPONENTS - Risk Mitigation Testing Strategies Examples - Risk Mitigation Testing Affiliations - IDEA – 1010 - AS5553 - Mil-Std-1580 .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Mark Northrup,Clifton Aldridge
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Use of Lead-Free Laminate DMA and TMA Data to Develop Stress versus Temperature Relationships for Predicting Plated Hole Reliability

Accelerated testing of plated hole life is necessary for economic reasons due to the long time to failure during field operating conditions. One difficulty in performing accelerated testing on .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Michael Freda,James Frei,Jing Shi,Leoncio Lopez
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

High Density Packaging User Group – Pb-free Materials 2 Project Materials Testing of PWB Substrates to Establish Variability of Construction, Estimate Thickness and Determine Survivability through Lead Free Assembly

An important element of the High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Consortium investigation into the reliability of printed wiring board (PWB) constructed with 20 different Pb-free mater .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Bill Birch,Jason Furlong
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Reliability Testing of PWB Plated through Holes in Air-to-Air Thermal Cycling and Interconnect Stress Testing after Pb-free Reflow Preconditioning

The High Density Packaging Users Group Consortium investigated plated through hole reliability of printed wiring board test vehicles constructed with 20 different Pb-free capable printed wiring .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Joe Smetana,Bill Birch,Thilo Sack,Kim Morton,Marie Yu,Chris Katzko,Erkko Helminen,Laura Luo
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

A Standard Multilayer Printed Wiring Board for Material Reliability Evaluations

This paper details the Alcatel-Lucent Pb-free Material Reliability Test board (MRT) used in two different High Density Packaging User Group tests covering 56 different constructions and in nume .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Joe Smetana,Bill Birch,Wayne Rothschild
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

New Cleaning Agent Designs for Removing No-Clean Lead-Free Flux Residues

The process cleaning rate theorem holds that the static rate (chemical forces) plus the dynamic cleaning rate (mechanical forces) equals the process cleaning rate. New lead-free flux residues r .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Mike Bixenman
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Meeting the Challenge of Removing Flux Residues from Electronic Circuitry Utilizing Low Standoff Heights

Our insatiable desire for smaller,faster and highly functional electronic devices presents numerous challenges for package designers and manufacturers. Current day popular approaches include st .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Michael C. Savidakis,Robert Sell,Christine Fouts
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Cleaning PCBs in Electronics: Understanding today’s Needs

Because of the phase out of CFC’s and HCFC’s,standard solder pastes and fluxes evolved from RA and RMA fluxes,to No-Clean,to low residue No-Clean,to very low residue No-Clean. Many companies ca .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
P.J.Duchi,Anne-Marie Laügt,Marie Verdier,G.Abidh
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Defluxing for New Assembly Requirements

Consider defluxing at the design stage. This involves determining how product design may impact the assembly process. It also involves selecting the most effective,rugged defluxing option relat .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Barbara Kanegsberg,Ed Kanegsberg
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Solar PV: Challenges and Opportunities for the Electronics Assembly Industry

• 2010 turned out to be an unexpectedly strong year: > 130% growth in both cell production and installations over 2009 • 24GWp cell production • All leading suppliers are expanding production c .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
J. Philip Plonski
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Photovoltaics: The iNEMI Road Map

•The 2011 iNEMI Solar PV roadmap •Involvement of the electronics supply chain •Example of an electronics opportunity – micro-inverters .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Alan Rae
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Solar PV Reliability Overview

•A vision of a solar-powered world •Importance of reliability to success of solar •Working together to establish reliability •R&D issues related to: •Product Development •Quality Assurance duri .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Sarah Kurt
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Solar PV Module Assembly

- Solar Module Assembly vs. PCBA - Crystalline Silicon Module (c-Si) Construction - Module Assembly Process (c-Si) - PV Cells – String - Array - Module - Tab & String Process - Lamination Proce .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Dongkai Shangguan
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Design and Fabrication of Thinner,Higher Speed Flexible Circuits

Modern flexible printed circuits demand improved signal integrity due to increasing data rate requirements for interconnects. At the same time,form factors available to designers are becoming s .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Glenn Oliver,Marc Goudreau,Al Wasserzug
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Results of Fabrication DOE for DuPont Pyralux TK®,A Low Dielectric,Thin Flexible Circuit Material

From the first time we heard of new thin,low Dk,flex laminate material from DuPont we were excited. The material is what is now known,and commercially available,as DuPont’s Pyralux TK®. Working .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Al Wasserzug,Marc Goudreau
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

A Comparison of the Environmental and Operating Costs of Spray in Air Batch Cleaners and Small Inline Aqueous Cleaners

This paper will discuss the environmental and financial cost of operating both batch cleaners and small inline aqueous cleaners. It is not the goal of this paper to endorse one type of cleaner .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Julie Fields
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Eu Rohs Recast – Are You Ready?

Since the European Union (EU) first published the Restriction on the use of Certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment directive (RoHS) in 2003,the document required up .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Krista Botsford Crotty
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Pb-free Solder Joint Reliability in a Mildly Accelerated Test Condition

Two different temperature cycling profiles were used to compare the thermal fatigue reliability of Pb free and SnPb solder joints in 16 different,high strain surface mount (SMT) packages. In so .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Joe Smetana,Richard Coyle,Thilo Sack,Ahmer Syed,David Love,Danny Tu,Steve Kummerl
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

The Effects of Non-filled Microvia in Pad on Pb-free Solder Joint Reliability of BGA and QFN Packages in Accelerated Thermal Cycling

The High Density Packaging Users Group (HDPUG) Consortium has completed an experiment to investigate the effect of non-filled microvias in SMT solder joint pads and the associated solder voids .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Joe Smetana,Thilo Sack,David Love,Chris Katzko
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

An Analytical Characterization and Comparison of Adhesion Test for PCBs

Interest in the adhesive strength of PCBs has recently come to the forefront of the industry. This has been driven by the advent of lead free soldering processes which severely stress the mecha .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
J. Lee Parker
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Simple Tools for Managing Engineering,Purchasing and Assembly Data

As the assembly of electronic products becomes more automated the collection,storage and retrieval of electronic data demands additional software tools to manage data. The wide spread use of we .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Robert Kondner
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Dynamic LEAN Shop Floor SMT Material Control Starting ONLY What You Can Finish

In high mix (250+ Assemblies) environments,ensuring small batches are delivered in a timely yet flexible manner without large levels of safety stock and WIP requires the very best of LEAN Manuf .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Alec Moffat
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Low dk Thermoplastic Substrate for Broadband Antennas

In high frequency circuit boards PTFE is widely used as a substrate material. It offers very low dielectric constant and low losses. However,it is relatively expensive to fabricate,making the c .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Antti Helminen,Tuomas Kiikka,Jussi Säily,Ismo Huhtinen,Jouko Aurinsalo
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

A Designed Experiment for the Influence of Copper Foils and Oxide Replacements on Impedance,DC Line Resistance and Insertion Loss

With ever increasing data transfer rates,insertion loss has become a limiting factor on today's systems. Insertion loss can be separated into dielectric loss and copper loss. While dielectric l .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Alexander Ippich
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Polyphenylene Ether Macromonomer. Viii. Low Z-Axis Cte,Low Df Epoxy Laminates

Properties of printed circuit board laminates are a function of the type and levels of its components. Endeavors to a balance various performance criteria involve balancing the types and amount .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Edward N. Peters,Scott M. Fisher,Hua Guo,Carolyn Degonzague
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Identifying Reliable Applications for the Tin-Zinc Eutectic in Electrical and Electronic Assemblies

With a melting point of 199°C,about 20°C lower than the liquidus temperature of SAC305 the Sn-Zn eutectic (Sn~9% Zn) appears to be an attractive candidate as a Pb-free solder. With,at July 2010 .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Keith Sweatman,Takashi Nozu,Alberto Kaufman,Tetsuro Nishimura
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Mechanical Shock Test Performance of SAC105 (Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu) and Sn-3.5Ag,BGA Components with SAC305 Solder Paste on NiAu and OSP Board Surface Finishes

Many BGA and CSP component suppliers have begun shipment of components with a variety of second generation lead-free solder ball alloys based on the improved mechanical shock resistance. Althou .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Jasbir Bath,Wade Eagar,Chad Bigcraft,Keith Newman,Livia Hu,Gregory Henshall,Jennifer Nguyen,M.J. Lee,Ahmer Syed,Weidong Xie,Fubin Song,Ricky Lee
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Low-Silver BGA Assembly Phase II – Reliability Assessment Seventh Report: Mixed Metallurgy Solder Joint Thermal Cycling Results

Some ball grid array suppliers are migrating their sphere alloys from SAC305 (3% Ag) or SAC405 (4% Ag) to alloys with lower silver contents and often with “micro alloying” additions. There are .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Gregory Henshall,Michael Fehrenbach,Chrys Shea,Quyen Chu,Girish Wable,Ranjit Pandher,Ken Hubbard,Gnyaneshwar Ramakrishna,Ahmer Syed
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Failure Mechanisms in Embedded Planar Capacitors during High Temperature Operating Life (HTOL) Testing

High temperature operating life (HTOL) testing was performed on embedded planar capacitors (with epoxy- BaTiO3 composite dielectric) by subjecting these devices to highly accelerated temperatur .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Mohammed A. Alam,Michael H. Azarian,Michael Osterman,Michael Pecht
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Embedded Components: A Comparative Analysis of Reliability

In light of new process and product technologies in the field of embedded components,questions arise with respect to advantages and potential disadvantages to standard SMT component placement w .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Christopher Michael Ryder
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Development of a Design & Manufacturing Environment for Reliable and Cost- Effective PCB Embedding Technology

The desire to have more functionality into increasingly smaller size end products has been pushing the PCB and IC Packaging industry towards High Density Interconnect (HDI) and 3D Packaging (st .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
M. Brizoux,A. Grivon,W. C. Maia Filho,J. Stahr,M. Morianz,Hemant Shah,Ed Hickey
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

The Enigmatic Breakout Angle

We describe a coupon design that makes available,in an elegant and efficient way,information unattainable even from multiple-coupon vertical cross-sections. The new design allows quantitative d .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Russell Dudek,Louis Hart
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Nano Technology Improve Critical Printing Process

The challenges of successful solder printing in the High Volume / Low Mix cell phone environment,which is linked with the continuing trend to miniaturize electronic assemblies,requires a new ap .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Omar García,Enrique Avelar,Manuel Domínguez,Francisco Barajas,Jaime Medina,Dason Cheung,Juan Coronado,Zhen (Jane) Feng,Murad Kurwa.
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Evaluation of Lead Free Solder Paste Materials for PCBA

Most of electronic components on a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) are surface mount components assembled using solder paste material. Having a good solder paste material is very critical .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Jennifer Nguyen,David Geiger,Dongkai Shangguan
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

A Unified CAD-PLM Architecture for Improving Electronics Design Productivity through Automation,Collaboration,and Cloud Computing

In electronics design,Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools manage part data in a logical schematic view (a part symbol) and a physical PCB view (a part footprint). Yet,a part has a third view,whic .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Jonathan Friedman,Newton Truong,Mani Srivastava
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Quantitative Evaluation of New SMT Stencil Materials

High yields in the stencil printing process are essential to a profitable SMT assembly operation. But as circuit complexity continues to increase,so do the challenges of maintaining a successfu .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Chrys Shea,Quyen Chu,Sundar Sethuraman,Rajoo Venkat,Jeff Ando,Paul Hashimoto
Event
IPC APEX EXPO 2011

Sculpted Flex Circuits as an Electronics Packaging Solution

Sculpted Flex Circuits are a very cost effective,low profile termination solution that is not very well known. These Flex Circuit hybrids can provide the user a simple interconnection between c .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Al Wasserzug
Event
IPC Midwest 2010

Weigh/Bake/Weigh Testing To Determine Moisture Content in Printed Boards

Entrapped moisture within printed boards can expand during soldering operations,causing delamination or other damage. Available methods for determining moisture content may be destructive or no .. weiterlesen
Author(s)
Joseph E. Kane
Event
IPC Midwest 2010